Adarsh


How does surgery promote weight loss? Bariatric surgery produces weight loss by restricting food intake and, in some cases, interfering with nutrition through malabsorption.  Patients who undergo bariatric surgery must also commit to a lifetime  of healthy eating and regular physical activity. These healthy habits help ensure that the weight […]


Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue

The skin is the largest and among the most complex organs of the body. Although the skin functions simply as a protective barrier to interface with our environment, its structure and physiology are complex. The skin protects against most noxious agents, such as chemicals (by the impermeability of the epidermis), […]


Acute Cholecystitis Pathogenesis Acute cholecystitis is secondary to gallstones in 90 to 95% of cases. Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a condition that typically occurs in patients with other acute systemic diseases (see Acalculous Cholecystitis section below). In <1% of acute cholecystitis, the cause is a tumor obstructing the cystic duct. […]


 Disorders of Colonic Physiolog A.constipation… The term constipation is often used by patients to describe a number of different defecatory symptoms (infrequent bowel movements, difficult or painful    movements, etc.). Constipation is generally defined clinically as one or fewer spontaneous bowel movements or stools per week. Etiologies include medications (narcotics, anticholinergics, […]


Internal Hernias

A. Incidence Internal Hernias Oasf patients who present with acute intestinal obstruction, fewer than 5% have an internal hernia. When internal hernias are complicated by intestinal volvulus, there is an 80% incidence of strangulation or gangrene. B. Etiology Internal hernias occur within the abdominal cavity owing to congenital or acquired […]


Internal Hernias A. Incidence Of patients who present with acute intestinal obstruction, fewer than 5% have an internal hernia. When internal hernias are complicated by intestinal volvulus, there is an 80% incidence of strangulation or gangrene. B. Etiology Internal hernias occur within the abdominal cavity owing to congenital or acquired […]


Anal Fissure

Anal Fissure is a split in the anoderm. Ninety percent of anal fissures occur posteriorly and 10% occur anteriorly; location elsewhere should prompt exam under anesthesia and biopsy. Symptoms include tearing pain with defecation and severe anal spasm that lasts for hours afterward and blood (usually on the toilet paper). […]


Internal intussusception (internal rectal prolapse) Internal intussusception (internal rectal prolapse) causes outlet obstruction with mucus discharge, hematochezia, tenesmus, and constipation. Proctoscopy demonstrates a solitary rectal ulcer at the lead point of the internal prolapse. Treatment consists of increased bulk, stool softeners, and glycerin suppositories. Indications for surgery are chronic bleeding, […]


Body Contouring

Body contouring is a general term that refers to procedures that al-ter the shape of large areas of the body, that is, mainly the trunk and extremities. Naturally, many cosmetic procedures have this goal, but the common use of the term “body contouring” denotes surgeries such as liposuction, excision of […]


Intestinal atresia or stenosis

B. Intestinal atresia or stenosis This results from intrauterine vascular insult. Location. Distal ileum > proximal jejunum > duodenum > colon. Diagnosis Antenatal ultrasound Polyhydramnios. Dilated intestinal loops. Neonatal history and physical Symptoms appear shortly after birth for atresia but may take weeks to months for stenosis. Bilious vomiting. Abdominal […]


Purpose In some cases, for some unknown reason, while in utero, the abdominal wall muscles do not form correctly. And, when the abdominal wall is incompletely formed at birth, the internal organs of the infant can either protrude into the umbilical cord (omphalocele) or to the side of the navel […]


VIII. Neoplasms of the Head and Neck An in-depth review of the diverse neoplasms affecting the head and neck is beyond the scope of this chapter. Squamous cell carcinoma and other selected neoplasms are addressed. A. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the aerodigestive tract is […]



Bilio Pancreatic Diversion (BPD)

These operations combines removal or exclusion of 2/3rds of  the stomach along with a long intestinal bypass which significantly reduces the absorption of fat. The capacity to eat is greater than with the other operations, and the eventual weight loss is the best of all the operations but if fatty […]


Cosmetic Medicine at the Millennium

Cosmetic Medicine at the Millennium The New Cultural Paradigm The Business of Cosmetic Medicine Today What Is It? The Vendors The Customers The Procedures 


  Introduction 1     Cosmetic Medicine at the Millennium The New Cultural Paradigm The Business of Cosmetic Medicine Today What Is It? The Vendors The Customers The Procedures Altering the Body Public Alterations: Cosmetic Medicine as Entertainment Private Alterations: The Quest for Beauty, Youth, Sex, and Transformation The Body […]


Cellulite Treatments

  Cellulite is a term invented to describe the dimpling some people, especially women, have on their thighs, hips, and buttocks. Cellulite is the natural effect of tension on normal skin ligaments (bands that attach the skin to deeper layers). Cellulite is not reduced with lipo- suction, and in fact, […]


Traditional Wise Pattern Mastopexy with Autoaugmentation

INTRODUCTION Wise pattern mastopexy with a keyhole incision is necessary for patients with significant ptosis and volume loss requiring shortening of the vertical dimension of the breast. The autoaugmentation recycles the tissue that would otherwise be excised from the medial and lateral breast, allowing optimization of breast volume. INDICATIONS This […]